Academic Writing Guide

About The Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies
The Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies (TJDS) is a highly regarded academic journal that publishes peer-reviewed articles in both English and Turkish. TJDS is dedicated to providing a forum for scholars worldwide who focus on the complex subject of diaspora, which spans multiple disciplines and geographic borders. The journal seeks to foster a space where diverse perspectives, critical viewpoints, and lively debates can flourish, enabling the diaspora to be explored in all its breadth and depth.

Formatting and Templates
- All submitted materials must be typed with 1.5 line spacing and ample margins. Only one side of the paper should be used.
- Certain sections of the article (abstract, references, tables, and figures) should be placed on separate pages and typed with 1.5 line spacing.
- The maximum length of articles is 8,000 words (6,000-8,000 words), including references.
- Every article should include a 150-200 word abstract in English.
- If the article is in Turkish, it should include an abstract both in Turkish and in English.
- Articles in Turkish should also include an extended summary stating the scope of the study, which should include a minimum of 750 or maximum of 1,000 words.
- Abstracts should include a minimum of three or maximum of 5 keywords.
- References should be listed in alphabetical order by authors’ last names. Multiple sources by the same author should appear in ascending chronological order. Only cited sources should be listed.
- Tables should follow the formatting used in the journal.

American Psychological Association (APA) Style
Our journal prioritizes the APA reference style and includes regulations for writing.

In-text Citations
Basic Format
(Author’s Last Name(s) or Organization, Year)

Direct Quotes
If you are quoting someone else's precise words, enclose the quote in quotation marks and include any sentence punctuation outside of the closing quotation mark.
- According to Abadan-Unat (2017), “Direct quote” (p. 102).
- Abadan-Unat (2017) found that “Direct quote” (p. 102).
- [Some other introduction] “Direct quote” (Abadan-Unat, 2017, p. 102).
- Abadan-Unat et al. (2017) argued that, “Direct quotes” (p. 102).

Note: If there are two or more works by the same author published in the same year, add the letter (a-z) after the year.
Kaya (2014a) stated that…
Kaya (2014c) summed up…

Note: If you are citing more than 40 words, use a block quotation and indent the whole block 0.5 inches.
Laguerre’s (2013) study found the following:
The interface of parliament with the globalization process, to the existence of which it contributes, calls into question the relevance of the traditional parliament and pinpoints the need for change so that parliament can respond efficiently to extraterritorial diaspora initiatives and interference in homeland politics (p. 3).

Note: Please keep in mind these guidelines for summarizing research studies. Instead of using direct quotes, focus on summarizing the main findings from multiple research studies.

Summarizing or Paraphrasing
When summarizing or paraphrasing, include the last name of the author(s) and the year of the publication. For example, according to Sheffer (2003), diasporas with links to their home country usually adopt the communalist strategy to establish diplomatic, economic, social, and political relationships with the host land. The format of in-text citations will vary depending on the number of authors and whether there is a group of authors.

One Author
You only need the author’s last name and the year.
- (Anaz, 2020)
- (Özkan, 2016, 2012, 2013)

Note: To cite a secondary source, provide a references list entry for the secondary source you are citing. In the text, identify the primary source and then write “as cited in” the secondary source that you used. If the year of publication is known for the primary source, also include it in the text.
- (Cohen & van Hear, 2020 as cited in Ceylan, 2021)

Two Authors
Link both authors’ last names with & (ampersand) and add the year.
- (Wegener & Petty, 1994)
If there are multiple works within the same reference by different authors, you need both authors’ last name and the year. List works alphabetically and separate references with a semicolon (;).
- (Aksel, 2014; Okyay, 2015)
- (Sheffer, 2003; Miller, Haas, & Castles, 2013; Dufoix, 2008; Vertovec, 1997; Butler, 2001)

Three or More Authors
If there are three or more authors, use et al., which means “and others”.
- (Harris et al., 2018)

Group of Authors
First time with an abbreviation:
(Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies [TJDS], 2021)
Then all subsequent citations: (TJDS, 2021)

Note: If you paraphrase from a specific page in the source, page number should be given.

References
The Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies advises authors to use APA style referencing when preparing their manuscripts. To ensure accuracy and consistency, references should be listed in alphabetical order based on authors’ last names. When referencing multiple sources from the same author, they should appear in ascending chronological order. Only cited sources should be included in the reference list.

Basic Format
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of the work. Source where you retrieve the work. URL or DOI if available

Book
1. Author(s)
List each author's last name and initials and use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name
2. (Year)
3. Title of the Book
For whole authored works (e.g. books, reports), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any appropriate nouns.
4. (Edition)
For whole edited books or volumes, use the abbreviations (ed.) or (vol.)
5. Publisher
You do not need to include the publisher location or databases where you retrieved it.
Example: Gamlen, A. (2019). Human Geopolitics. (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Edited Book
1. Editor(s) of Book
Last name and initials, use & for multiple editors. (Ed. or Eds.).
2. (Year)
3. Title of Book
Italicized
4. Publisher
5. DOI or Web Address
(if available)
Example: Abadan-Unat, N., & Mirdal, G. (Ed.). (2015). Emancipation in Exile: Perspectives on the Empowerment of Migrant Women. Istanbul Bilgi University Press.

Book Chapter with Editor(s)
1. Author(s)
List each chapter author’s last name and initials and use an ampersand (&) before the final author’s last name.
2. (Year)
3.Title of the Chapter
For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. articles, chapter), use sentence case. Only the first word of the title and subtitle and appropriate nouns are capitalized.
4. In Editor(s)
List each editor’s last name and initials. Editors, include (Ed.) or (Eds.) in parentheses, and end with a comma.
5. Title of the Book
For whole authored works (e.g. books, reports), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any appropriate nouns.
6. (pp.aa-bb)
7. Publisher
You do not need to include the publisher location or databases where you retrieved it.
Example: McCormack, B., McCance, T., & Maben, J. (2013). Outcome evaluation in the development of person-centered practice. In B. McCormack, K. Manley, & A. Titchen (Eds.), Practice development in nursing and healthcare (pp. 190-211). John Wiley & Sons.

Journal
1. Author(s)
List each author’s last name and initial and use an ampersand (&) before the final author’s name.
2. (Year)
3. Title of the Article
For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. articles, chapter), use sentence case. Only the first word of the title and subtitle and appropriate nouns are capitalized.
4. Title of the Journal
Italicize and capitalize each word in the journal.
5. Volume
Italicize the journal volume. If there is no issue, include a comma before the page range.
6. (Issue)
If there is an issue number in addition to a volume number, include it in parentheses.
7. Page Range
8. DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
Example: Bodocan, V., & Egresi, I., (2021). Diaspora FDI: Why do returning migrants invest in their home countries and what are the main difficulties they face? The case of Romania. Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies,1 (1), 20-48. https://doi.org/10.52241/TJDS.2021.0003

Dissertation or Thesis
Thesis - from Website
1. Author
Last name, initial(s).
2. (Year)
3. Title of Dissertation or Thesis
Italicised
4. [Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution]
5. Archive Name
Example: Köse, M. (2020). The Development of Diaspora Policies Through Political Participation of Turkish Diaspora. [Doctoral dissertation, Istanbul University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/

Thesis - from Database
1. Author
Last name, initials.
2. (Year)
3. Title of Thesis
Italicized (Publication No. - if available) [Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution]
4. Database Name
Example: Cebe, B. (2021). Integration of Turkish Migrants in the Context of Socio-Economic Discrimination in the Netherlands (Publication No. 10404528) [Master ‘s Thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.

Web Page
1. Author(s)
List each author's last name and initials. If there is no author, spell out the name of the organization or site.
2. (Year, Month Date)
Provide as specific a date as is available. Use the date last updated, but not the date last reviewed or copyright date. If there is no date, use (n.d.).
3. Title of Page or Section
Italicised.
4. Source
Usually the official name of the website. If the source would be the same as the author, you can omit the source to avoid repetition.
5. URL
6. Date of Access
(Accessed on dd.mm.yyyy)

Example: Migration Data Portal. (2021, March 24). Citizenship and Migration. https://www.migrationdataportal.org/themes/citizenship-and-migration (Accessed on 19.08.2021).

Newspaper or Magazine
1. Author(s)
List each author's last name and initials and use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name.
2. (Year, Month Date)
You do not need to abbreviate the month.
3. Title of the Article
For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. articles, chapter), use sentence case. Only the first word of the title and subtitle and appropriate nouns are capitalized.
4. Title of the Newspaper or Publication
Italicize and capitalize each word in the publication.
5. URL
6. Date of Access.
(Accessed on dd.mm.yyyy)

Example: Abdullah, H. (2017, October 1). Turkey grants citizenship to over 500 Ahiska Turks. TRT World. https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-grants-citizenship-to-over-500-ahiska-turks-10983 (Accessed on 19.08.2021)

Online Report
1. Author(s)
List each author's last name and initials as. If there is no author, spell out the name of the organization that published the report.
2. (Year, Month Date)
Provide as specific a date as is available.
3. Title of the Report or Document
For works that stand alone (e.g. books, reports), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any proper nouns.
4. Source
Includes the names of parent agencies or other organizations not listed in the group author name here.
5. URL
Example: Ünay, H. (2020, Aralık). Düzensiz Göçmenlerin Sınırı Geçme Deneyimleri ve Kararlılıklarının Analizi: Pazarkule Sınır Kapısı Örneği. Migration Research Foundation. https://gocvakfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/GAV-RAPOR-Hakan-U%CC%88nay-1.pdf